I-carbon fiber, eyaziwa ngokuba yinkosi yezinto ezintsha kwinkulungwane yama-21, yiperile eqaqambileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo.Ifayibha yeCarbon (CF) luhlobo lwefiber ye-inorganic ene-carbon content engaphezu kwe-90%.Iifayili ze-Organic (i-viscose esekelwe, i-pitch based, i-polyacrylonitrile based fibers, njl.) I-pyrolyzed kunye ne-carbonized kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ukwenza i-carbon backbone.
Njengesizukulwana esitsha sefayibha eyomeleziweyo, i-carbon fiber inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo womatshini kunye neekhemikhali.Ayinayo kuphela iimpawu zendalo zekhabhoni, kodwa inokuthamba kunye nokuqhubekeka kwefiber ye-textile.Ke ngoko, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aerospace, izixhobo zamandla, ezothutho, ezemidlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa
Ubunzima bokukhanya: njengesixhobo esitsha esicwangcisiweyo esinentsebenzo egqwesileyo, ubuninzi be-carbon fiber buphantse bufana ne-magnesium kunye ne-beryllium, ngaphantsi kwe-1 / 4 yentsimbi.Ukusebenzisa i-carbon fiber composite njengezinto zokwakha kunokunciphisa ubunzima besakhiwo ngama-30% - 40%.
Amandla aphezulu kunye ne-modulus ephezulu: amandla athile e-carbon fiber ngamaxesha angama-5 aphezulu kunentsimbi kunye namaxesha angama-4 aphezulu kune-aluminium alloy;Imodyuli ethile ngamaxesha e-1.3-12.3 yezinye izinto zokwakha.
I-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal: i-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal ye-carbon fibers ayinayo kwiqondo lokushisa, i-0 ku-200-400 ℃, kwaye i-1.5 kuphela ngaphantsi kwe-1000 ℃ × 10-6 / K, akukho lula ukwandisa kunye nokukhubazeka ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu. ubushushu.
Ukuxhathisa imichiza elungileyo: ifayibha yekhabhoni inomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni ecocekileyo, kwaye ikhabhoni yenye yezona zinto zizinzileyo zeekhemikhali, ezikhokelela ekusebenzeni kwayo kuzinzile kwimo engqongileyo yeasidi kunye nealkali, enokwenziwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zekhemikhali ezichasene nomhlwa.
Ukumelana nokukhathala okunamandla: isakhiwo se-carbon fiber sizinzile.Ngokwezibalo zenethiwekhi ye-polymer, emva kwezigidi zemijikelo yovavanyo lokudinwa koxinzelelo, izinga lokugcinwa kwamandla e-composite lisengama-60%, ngelixa intsimbi i-40%, i-aluminium yi-30%, kunye ne-glass fiber eqiniswe ngeplastiki yi-20 kuphela. % - 25%.
Ikhabhon fiber composite kukomeleza kwakhona icarbon fiber.Nangona i-carbon fiber ingasetyenziselwa yodwa kwaye idlale umsebenzi othile, yinto enqabileyo emva kwayo yonke into.Kuphela xa idityaniswe nezinto ze-matrix ukwenza i-carbon fiber composite inokunika umdlalo ongcono kwiimpawu zayo zomatshini kunye nokuthwala imithwalo emininzi.
Iifiber zekhabhoni zinokuhlelwa ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo efana nohlobo lwangaphambili, indlela yokuvelisa kunye nokusebenza
Ngokohlobo lwe-precursor: i-polyacrylonitrile (i-Pan) esekelwe, i-pitch based (isotropic, i-mesophase);Isiseko seViscose (isiseko seselulosi, isiseko se-rayon).Phakathi kwabo, i-polyacrylonitrile (i-Pan) esekelwe kwi-carbon fiber ihlala kwindawo eqhelekileyo, kwaye i-akhawunti yemveliso yayo ingaphezulu kwe-90% ye-carbon fiber, ngelixa i-viscose esekelwe kwi-carbon fiber i-akhawunti engaphantsi kwe-1%.
Ngokweemeko zokuvelisa kunye neendlela: i-carbon fiber (800-1600 ℃), i-graphite fiber (2000-3000 ℃), i-activated carbon fiber, umphunga okhule i-carbon fiber.
Ngokutsho kweempawu zemishini, inokuthi ihlulwe ngohlobo oluqhelekileyo kunye nodidi oluphezulu lokusebenza: amandla ohlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-carbon fiber malunga ne-1000MPa, kwaye i-modulus malunga ne-100GPa;Uhlobo oluphezulu lokusebenza lunokwahlulwa lube luhlobo lwamandla aphezulu (amandla 2000mPa, imodulus 250gpa) kunye nemodeli ephezulu (modulus 300gpa okanye ngaphezulu), apho amandla amakhulu kune-4000mpa ikwabizwa ngokuba luhlobo lwamandla aphezulu, kunye nemodyuli enkulu kune-450gpa. ebizwa ngokuba yimodeli ephezulu kakhulu.
Ngokobukhulu betow, inokwahlulwa ibe yitow encinci kunye ne tow enkulu: intambo encinci ye-carbon fiber ikakhulu yi-1K, 3K kunye ne-6K kwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe iphuhliswe ibe yi-12K kunye ne-24K, esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-aerospace, ezemidlalo. kunye namabala okuzonwabisa.Iifayibha zekhabhoni ezingaphezulu kwe-48K zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziintsinga ezinkulu zekhabhoni, kubandakanywa i-48K, 60K, 80K, njl., ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zoshishino.
Amandla e-tensile kunye ne-tensile modulus zizalathisi ezimbini eziphambili zokuvavanya iimpawu ze-carbon fiber.Ngokusekelwe koku, i-China yabhengeza umgangatho wesizwe we-PAN esekelwe kwi-carbon fiber (GB / t26752-2011) ngo-2011. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yenzuzo ephambili yeToray kushishino lwekhabhoni ye-carbon fiber, uninzi lwabavelisi basekhaya nabo bamkela umgangatho wokuhlela weToray. njengesalathiso.
1.2 izithintelo eziphezulu zizisa ixabiso elongezelelweyo eliphezulu.Ukuphucula inkqubo kunye nokuqonda imveliso yobuninzi kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle
1.2.1 umqobo wobugcisa weshishini uphezulu, imveliso ye-precursor yeyona nto iphambili, kwaye i-carbonization kunye ne-oxidation ngundoqo.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-carbon fiber inzima, efuna izixhobo eziphezulu kunye nobuchwepheshe.Ukulawulwa kokuchaneka, ukushisa kunye nexesha lekhonkco ngalinye kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela.I-Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber iye yaba yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye iphezulu imveliso ye-carbon fiber okwangoku ngenxa yenkqubo yayo elula yokulungiselela, ixabiso eliphantsi lemveliso kunye nokulahla inkunkuma emithathu efanelekileyo.Eyona propane yemathiriyeli ekrwada inokwenziwa kwi-oyile ekrwada, kwaye ikhonkco leshishini le-PAN carbon fiber libandakanya inkqubo epheleleyo yokuvelisa ukusuka kumandla okuqala ukuya kwi-terminal application.
Emva kokuba ipropane ilungiswe kwioli engcolileyo, ipropylene yafunyanwa ngokukhetha i-catalytic dehydrogenation (PDH) yepropane;
I-Acrylonitrile yafunyanwa nge-ammoxidation yepropylene.I-Polyacrylonitrile (i-Pan) i-precursor ifunyenwe nge-polymerization kunye ne-spinning ye-acrylonitrile;
I-Polyacrylonitrile i-pre oxidized, i-carbonized kwiqondo eliphantsi kunye nephezulu ukufumana i-carbon fiber, enokwenziwa ibe yilaphu le-carbon fiber kunye ne-carbon fiber prepreg ukwenzela ukuveliswa kwee-carbon fiber composites;
Ifayibha yekhabhoni idityaniswe neresin, iikeramics kunye nezinye izinto zokwenza iicomposites zecarbon fiber.Ekugqibeleni, iimveliso zokugqibela zezicelo ezisezantsi zifunyenwe ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubumba;
Umgangatho kunye nomgangatho wokusebenza we-precursor unquma ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kokugqibela kwe-carbon fiber.Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa komgangatho wesisombululo sokujikeleza kunye nokuphucula izinto zokwenza i-precursor ibe ngamanqaku aphambili ekulungiseleleni umgangatho ophezulu we-carbon fiber.
Ngokutsho "kuPhando kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-polyacrylonitrile esekelwe kwi-carbon fiber precursor", inkqubo yokujikeleza iquka iindidi ezintathu: ukujikeleza okumanzi, ukujikeleza okomileyo kunye nokujikeleza okumanzi okomileyo.Okwangoku, ukujikeleza okumanzi kunye nokujikeleza okumanzi okomileyo kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuvelisa i-polyacrylonitrile precursor ekhaya naphesheya, phakathi kwayo ukujikeleza okumanzi yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu.
Ukujikeleza okumanzi kuqala kukhupha isisombululo sokujikeleza ukusuka kumngxuma we-spinneret, kwaye isisombululo sokujikeleza singena kwibhafu ye-coagulation ngendlela yokuhamba encinci.Indlela yokusonta yesisombululo se-polyacrylonitrile sokusonta kukuba kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-DMSO kwisisombululo sokusonta kunye nebhafu yokudibanisa, kwaye kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi koxinzelelo lwamanzi kwibhafu yokudibanisa kunye nesisombululo se-polyacrylonitrile.Ngaphantsi kokunxibelelana kwezi zintlu zimbini zingentla, i-liquid iqala ukusasazeka kwiindlela ezimbini, kwaye ekugqibeleni idibanise kwi-filaments ngokugqithiswa ngobuninzi, ukutshintshwa kobushushu, ukunyakaza kwesigaba sokulinganisa kunye nezinye iinkqubo.
Kwimveliso ye-precursor, inani elishiyekileyo le-DMSO, ubungakanani befiber, amandla e-monofilament, i-modulus, i-elongation, umxholo we-oyile kunye nokunciphisa amanzi abilayo kuba yimiba ephambili echaphazela umgangatho we-precursor.Ukuthatha imali eshiyekileyo ye-DMSO njengomzekelo, inempembelelo kwiipropati ezibonakalayo ze-precursor, i-cross-section state kunye nexabiso le-CV yemveliso yokugqibela ye-carbon fiber.Ixabiso eliphantsi lentsalela ye-DMSO, iphezulu ukusebenza kwemveliso.Kwimveliso, i-DMSO isuswa kakhulu ngokuhlamba, ngoko ke indlela yokulawula ukushisa kokuhlamba, ixesha, inani lamanzi atyunjiweyo kunye nomthamo wokuhlamba uba yikhonkco ebalulekileyo.
Umgangatho ophezulu we-polyacrylonitrile precursor kufuneka ube nezi mpawu zilandelayo: ukuxinana okuphezulu, i-crystallinity ephezulu, amandla afanelekileyo, icandelo lomnqamlezo ojikelezayo, iziphene ezingaphantsi komzimba, umphezulu ogudileyo kunye neyunifomu kunye nesiseko sesiseko solusu.
Ulawulo lobushushu be-carbonization kunye ne-oxidation ngundoqo.I-Carbonization kunye ne-oxidation linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-carbon fiber imveliso yokugqibela evela kwi-precursor.Kule nyathelo, ukuchaneka kunye noluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu kufuneka kulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle koko, amandla okuqina emveliso ye-carbon fiber iya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu, kwaye ikhokelela ekuqhekekeni kocingo.
I-Preoxidation (200-300 ℃): kwinkqubo ye-preoxidation, i-PAN precursor icotha kwaye ifakwe i-oxidized ngokufaka i-tension ethile kwi-atmosphere ye-oxidizing, isenza inani elikhulu lezakhiwo zeringi kwisiseko se-pan straight chain, ukuze ukufezekisa injongo yokumelana nonyango oluphezulu lobushushu.
I-Carbonization (ubushushu obuninzi obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-1000 ℃): inkqubo ye-carbonization kufuneka iqhutywe kwi-atmosphere ye-inert.Kwinqanaba lokuqala le-carbonization, i-pan chain breaks kwaye i-crosslinking reaction iqala;Ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, i-reaction ye-thermal decomposition iqala ukukhulula inani elikhulu leegesi ze-molecule ezincinci, kwaye isakhiwo segraphite siqala ukwenza;Xa ubushushu bonyuka ngakumbi, umxholo wekhabhoni wanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-carbon fiber yaqala ukwenza.
I-Graphitization (ubushushu bonyango ngaphezu kwe-2000 ℃): i-graphitization ayikho inkqubo efunekayo yokuvelisa i-carbon fiber, kodwa yinkqubo yokuzikhethela.Ukuba i-modulus elastic ephezulu ye-carbon fiber kulindeleke, i-graphitization iyafuneka;Ukuba amandla aphezulu e-carbon fiber kulindeleke, i-graphitization ayiyimfuneko.Kwinkqubo ye-graphitization, ubushushu obuphezulu benza ukuba ifayibha ibe yi-graphite mesh structure, kwaye isakhiwo sidityaniswe ngokuzoba ukufumana imveliso yokugqibela.
Izithintelo zobugcisa eziphakamileyo zinika iimveliso ezisezantsi ngexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo, kwaye ixabiso lezinto ezihlanganisiweyo ze-aviation ziphindwe ngama-200 ngaphezu kwesilika ekrwada.Ngenxa yobunzima obuphezulu bokulungiselela i-carbon fiber kunye nenkqubo enzima, ngakumbi ukwehla kweemveliso, kuphezulu ixabiso elongezelelweyo.Ngokukodwa kwi-high-end carbon fiber composites ezisetyenziselwa kwintsimi ye-aerospace, kuba abathengi abasezantsi banemfuno engqongqo kakhulu ekuthembekeni nasekuzinzeni kwayo, ixabiso lemveliso libonisa ukukhula okuphindaphindiweyo kwejometri xa kuthelekiswa ne-carbon fiber eqhelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-22-2021